A 58 year old male presents to the ER with a 4 day history of high fever, a dry hacking cough, and severe shortness of breath. He also complains of profuse watery diarrhea and confusion. VAP #HAP #pneumonia The diagnosis of VAP is difficult as clinical signs suggestive of pneumonia, such as fever, tachycardia, and leukocytosis, are nonspecific in critically ill patients. Moreover, particularly in Severity of disease in patients with HAP or VAP due to PVL positive and Download Table CAP, HCAP, HAP and VAP Diagnosis and Treatment HCAP GrepMed PDF] Clinical practice guidelines for hospital acquired pneumonia and ventilator associated pneumonia in adults. Semantic Scholar PDF] Clinical practice guidelines for hospital acquired pneumonia and ventilator associated pneumonia in adults. Semantic Scholar